John is still very ill and I cannot update the news pages regularly. Another one of our good friends has sadly passed away, and he was our 'techie'. We hope to be able to continue but may have to cease the news pages for a few months. Please continue to send in news stories, and all the many good wishes for John. I will try to put them up as usual. We really appreciate your continuing support and cannot thank you enough - Polly.
"Remarkable skill of ancient Peru's cranial surgeons" Science Daily (USA)
"Even with a highly skilled neurosurgeon, the most effective anesthesia, and all the other advances of modern medicine, most of us would cringe at the thought of undergoing cranial surgery today.
Yet for thousands of years, trepanation -- the act of scraping, cutting, or drilling an opening into the cranium -- was practiced around the world, primarily to treat head trauma, but possibly to quell headaches, seizures and mental illnesses, or even to expel perceived demons.
But, according to a new study led by the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine's David S. Kushner, M.D., clinical professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation, trepanation was so expertly practiced in ancient Peru that the survival rate for the procedure during the Incan Empire was about twice that of the American Civil War -- when, more three centuries later, soldiers were trepanned presumably by better trained, educated and equipped surgeons."
[Read The Full Story]
[An excellent story published by Science Daily! Proof is emerging regularly which suggests ancient peoples were far more capable at almost everything than they have previously been credited with - especially complex surgery. It really is well worth a visit to read the full story - Ed.]
As per reports, the excavation that has turned up royal burial sites with sophisticated weaponry, ornaments, pottery and other materials suggest that a highly sophisticated 'warrior class' civilisation in that region.
The 3-month long excavation was reportedly started in March this year is 120 metres away from a 2005 excavation site that had turned up 116 burial sites which were similar to that of Harappan civilisation.
However, as per ASI experts, though further investigations need to be carried out to determine the race of the remains, the current findings do not belong to the Harappan civilisation."
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[A really good story from OpIndia! There are now so many new discoveries in India which challenge the paradigm set by mainstream archaeology that a review of their timelines is long overdue.
Ancient India gave much to the world, and it's about time that was acknowledged by those promoting a Euro-Centric view of ancient civilisation. Well worth a visit to read the full story - Ed.]
"Scientists map the earliest Icelandic genome" ScienceNordic (Denmark)
"Scientists have mapped genetic material from the first generations of Icelanders, whose DNA appears to be more closely matched to present day Norwegians than their Icelandic descendants.
Around 870 CE, Norsemen crossed the North Atlantic to reach Iceland, which they spent the next five decades colonising.
Today, 1,100 years later, an international team of scientists have mapped the genetic material of these first generation Icelanders and they can now see how the Icelandic population has changed between then and now."
[Read The Full Story]
[It's good to see more new facts about the Vikings and their travels emerging and a welcome new appreciation of their sophisticated culture after centuries of misinformation. It's well worth reading the full story and seeing the many images and map - Ed.]
"Archaeologists discover new geoglyphs near Nazca Lines in Peru" Daily Sabah (Turkey)
"Archaeologists using drones have discovered more than 25 geoglyphs etched into a swath of coastal desert in southern Peru near the Nazca Lines, a culture ministry official said Monday.
Most of the newly found geoglyphs, which include figures of a killer whale and a woman dancing, appear to have been made by the Paracas culture more than 2,000 years ago, hundreds of years before the Nazca people created similar giant drawings nearby, said Johny Isla, an archaeologist who heads the culture ministry's conservation efforts in the region.
An additional 25 geoglyphs that had previously been spotted by local residents have also been mapped with drones, Isla said.
Drones 'have allowed us to broaden our documentation and discover new groups of figures', Isla said on a tour of the geoglyphs in the province of Palpa."
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[Another amazing discovery thanks to aerial photography! Well worth reading the full story and seeing the aerial photo of one of the newly-discovered geoglyphs - Ed.]
Experts have made the finding using wind and ocean current modelling, similar to that deployed in the search for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370.
A now submerged string of islands between Australia and Timor and Roti.
This kind of imagery has been used to pinpoint likely routes between the islands and the Australian mainland."
[Read The Full Story]
[Wow! More evidence of ancient mariners who knew what they were doing when it came to travelling over oceans. Do read the full story and see the map of the submerged islands - Ed.]
"If the discovery in Buryatia is verified as being Homo sapiens, it will alter scientific thinking about the arrival of man in Siberia.
The discovery was made in the Tunkinskaya Valley by Irkutsk scientists in 2016.
Older bones date to 50,000 years ago, younger ones at the same site to around 30,000 years ago, and they were found alongside tools and animal bones indicating these ancients were proficient hunters of cave lions, bison, horses and deer.
Dr Evgeniy Rogovskoi, senior researcher Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said: 'There were two set of bones, one was dated as 27,000 to 30,000 years old, the other as 50,000 years old'.
The younger bones are 'modern-type' humans.
But the older ones are now undergoing tests to establish whether they are Homo sapiens, or Neanderthal or another pre-human group."
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[Another great story from The Siberian Times! More new discoveries in this area show another timeline biting the dust as the fuller picture emerges. Well worth a visit to read the full story and see the many great images of the finds - Ed.]
"Earliest Version of Our Alphabet Possibly Discovered" Live Science (USA)
"The earliest example of our alphabet - a possible mnemonic phrase that helped someone remember 'ABCD' - has been discovered on a 3,400-year-old inscribed piece of limestone from ancient Egypt, a scholar believes.
Three of the words start with the ancient equivalent of B, C and D, creating what may be a mnemonic phrase.
Thomas Schneider, a professor of Egyptology and Near Eastern Studies at the University of British Columbia, reported the discovery in a paper published recently in the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
Modern-day scholars sometimes call the early ancestor of our ABCD alphabet sequence the 'abgad' sequence, because this phrase mentions some of the first letters of the early version of our alphabet.
Until this discovery, the oldest example of this sequence had only dated back about 3,200 years, Schneider wrote in his paper"
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[Excellent article in Live Science. It would seem that writing goes back much further than previously believed, and another timeline bites the dust. It really is well worth a visit to read the full story - Ed.]
That conclusion was reached after analysis of a stalactite from a cave in the area that provided a clear picture about the climatic conditions in the eastern Mediterranean in the Late Bronze Age, Greek daily Kathimerini reports.
The study was carried out by researchers Martin Finne and Karin Holmgren of the Navarino Environmental Observatory (NEO) in collaboration with archaeologist Shari Stocker.
The researchers reached their conclusions from the analysis of a stalactite from a cave on the islet of Schiza just off the Peloponnesian coast."
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[Another good story from Tornos News. The sheer number of instances of climate changes in ancient times never fails to amaze many who've been led to believe that such a phenomenon is unique to modern times and is only happenning now. We highly recommend reading the full story - Ed.]
A strange operation takes place in the Sahara's burning sands. Scientists are trying to pull an ancient ship from the sand, piece by piece.
In order to do that, a unique laboratory is built next to the Great Pyramid. In it, a diverse team of scientists is trying to bring a ship buried there nearly 5000 years ago."
[Read The Full Story]
[A great find and a good report. It's worth reading the full story - Ed.]
But it didn't take long for folks to wander their way north as the ice sheet melted away. The first traces of human habitation in Norway date from roughly 9500 BC.
Steinar Solheim is an archaeologist at the University of Oslo's Museum of Cultural History who has worked on numerous excavations of different Stone Age settlements around Oslo Fjord.
Now he and colleague Per Perrson have investigated longer-term population trends in the Oslo Fjord region, based on 157 different Stone Age settlements.
"Tourist fined for stealing ancient artefacts from Pompeii" The Local (Italy)
"A French tourist was fined €200 and given a suspended sentence after police caught him trying to leave Pompeii with a backpack stuffed with ancient Roman artefacts.
Montpellier man Pierre Luc Giglio, 52, was stopped at Pompeii last Friday along with his companion, a 50-year-old French woman, after security guards noticed them acting suspiciously.
Upon searching their bags they found 13 fragments of terracotta and a piece of marble, believed to have been taken from the House of Loreius Tiburtinus, a well-preserved villa thought to have belonged to one of the city's wealthy inhabitants.
The couple told carabinieri officers that they just 'wanted to take home a souvenir', according to local news site Metropolis."
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[Unbelievable? Nope! Some years ago an American tourist was caught chipping bits off Stonehenge. Her excuse? She wanted 'a souvenir to take home'. These people are just cultural vandals who think nothing of causing criminal damage to other cultures heritage - Ed.]
"Scientists Confirm Earliest Use of Fire and Oldest Stone Handaxe in Europe" Popular Archaeology (USA)
"In a recently published paper* in the journal, Historical Biology, researchers report confirmation that sediments bearing early human cultural remains in the Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar rockshelter in southeastern Spain are dated to over 800,000 years ago.
The sediments include an Acheulean style stone handaxe and evidence for the use of fire within the rockshelter.
'We regard its age as quite likely between 865,000 and 810,000 years ago', said Michael Walker of Spain's Murcia University, a lead researcher on Cueva Negra.
'[Arguably] Until now hand-axes in Europe have not been recorded from before 500,000 years ago', said Walker. Moreover, he adds, 'the evidence of combustion [use of fire] is also the oldest anywhere outside Africa.'"
[Read The Full Story]
[Another sacred timeline bites the dust! Some good images. Really worth reading the full story - Ed.]
"Ancient humans settled the Philippines 700,000 years ago" Science Magazine (USA)
"In what some scientists are calling a “one-in-a-million find,” archaeologists have discovered a cache of butchered rhino bones and dozens of stone tools on the Philippines’s largest island, Luzon.
The find pushes back the earliest evidence for human occupation of the Philippines by more than 600,000 years, and it has archaeologists wondering who exactly these ancient humans were—and how they crossed the deep seas that surrounded that island and others in Southeast Asia."
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[That's a massive timeline pushback! Great find and well worth a look at the full story - Ed.]
"New survey confirms no hidden Nefertiti chamber in Tutankhamun's tomb" Ahram Online (Egypt)
"The result of a third radar survey show conclusively that there are no hidden chambers in the tomb. After almost three months of study, a new geophysics survey has provided conclusive evidence that no hidden chambers exist adjacent to or inside Tutankhamun’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings."
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[So there we have it! Well worth a look at the full story - Ed.]
"Archaeologists find China's earliest bone tools" XinhuaNet (China)
"An international team of researchers says they have identified seven bone soft hammers or retouchers as China's earliest known bone tools, dating back 115,000 years. The bone tools, six made of broken long limb bones from herbivores and one made of antler, were discovered in a Paleolithic site in Xuchang City in central China's Henan Province."
[Read The Full Story]
[Another timeline pushed much further back! Well worth a look at the full story - Ed.]
"Roman relics found in Rhine region show evidence of bloody uprising" The Local (Germany)
"Halfway between the ancient towns of Neuss and Xanten on the Lower Rhine, the Romans established a military camp in what is now Krefeld around 69 AD. Directly on the border of the Roman Empire, the area was chosen due to its strategic location on a small hill across from an important trade route to Germania. The Romans called the place Gelduba: Today, this district of Krefeld is called Gellep.
The famous historian Tacitus was the first to mention Gelduba, which was the scene of a massive battle between Romans and Batavians in 69 AD when Germanic Batavian prince Iulius Civilis started an uprising against the Romans in the Rhine-region."
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[Another timeline pushed much further back! Well worth a look at the full story - Ed.]
"Neolithic Humans Used Dried Fungi to Start and Transport Fires" Sci-News (USA)
"Some 7,000 years ago, inhabitants of a small settlement at the Early Neolithic waterlogged site of La Draga (Girona, Spain) dried non-edible fungi for use as tinder to light and transport fires.
The La Draga site is located on the eastern shore of Lake Banyoles, 22 miles (35 km) from the Mediterranean Sea and 31 miles (50 km) south of the Pyrenees. The site corresponds to an open-air settlement whose surface area is estimated to exceed three acres (15,000 m2)."
[Read The Full Story]
[Ancient peoples knew all the properties of the lifeforms around them. Take a look further - Ed.]
"Drones Help Discover Desert Drawings in Palpa, near Nazca" Peruvian Times (Peru)
"Aerial photographs of over 50 ancient drawings in the desert near Nazca have been made public, following the completion of a research project funded by National Geographic.
The drawings cover a wide area in Palpa, 100km north of the famous Nazca Lines, and are several centuries older than the Nazca geoglyphs.
Some are believed to have been etched into the sand even earlier than the Paracas culture, which flourished between 700 BC and AD 200.
According to resident archaeologist Johny Isla, co-director of the Nazca-Palpa Project with Markus Reindel of the German Archaeological Institute, the new information will "open the door to new hypotheses" about the function and meaning of the drawings."
[Read The Full Story]
[This is an excellent story from Peruvian Times, and well done National Geographic for funding the drone study! This technology, if it stays for purely scientific research and peaceful usage, should help us to rediscover much of our ancient past such as these geoglyphs.
It's well worth a visit to read the full story and see the amazing aeriel images of the geoglyphs - Ed.]
"The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project" Cardiff/Athens Universites (Cymru/Greece)
[In October 1900, Captain Dimitrious Kondos was leading a team of sponge divers near the the island of Antikythera off the coast of Greece. They noticed a shipwreck about 180 feet below the surface and began to investigate. Amongst the artifacts that they brought up was a coral-encrusted piece of metal that later archaeologists found was some sort of gear wheel.
The rest of the artifacts, along with the shape of the boat, suggested a date around 2000 years ago, which made the find one of the most anomalous that had ever been recovered from the Greek seas. It became known as The Antikythera Mechanism.
In 2006 the journal "Nature" published a letter, and another paper about the mechanism was published in 2008, detailing the findings of Prof. Mike G. Edmunds of Cardiff University. Using high-resolution X-ray tomography to study the fragments of the anomalous Antikythera Mechanism, they found that it was in fact a bronze mechanical analog computer that could be used to calculate the astronomical positions and various cycles of the Moon - as seen from the Earth: - Ed]
"The ancient Britons were inspired by a profound knowledge of the heavens when they erected the monumental stones of Avebury.
Mann throws light on the motive behind the creation of its awe-inspiring mounds and megaliths by demonstrating that they were aligned to the cycles of the Sun, Moon and stars.
This book will help visitors and readers to see Avebury in a wholly new light - the light of the heavenly bodies that guided its Neolithic builders."
